Translation of "Approximiert durch" in English

For practical application, Equation (14) should be approximated by a limited plurality of terms.

The weights are determined by the impact on GDP growth of the real effective exchange rate (based on unit labour costs in manufacturing) and the real interest rate (approximated by the difference between the 3-month rate and core inflation). They are calibrated to be 6/7 for the real interest rate and 1/7 for the real exchange rate, respectively.

The computer determines and analytically approximates by means of a polynomial the contour of the drop and in the environment of the three-phase point where liquid, solid surface and atmosphere come into contact with one another, in an X--Y coordinate system.

The long-term drift can be approximated and described by a function equation which can be freely selected, but which is preferably linear.

As long as the simulation results do not already exist on the same grid, the same can be interpolated or approximated on one or several reference grids (e.g. by a process simulation data adapter).

The continuous, constrained, linear-quadratic optimal control problem is discretized with K time steps and approximated by a quadratic program (QP) in the control and state variables, which can be solved by a standard interior-point algorithm.

Alternatively, it is also possible to approximate the sine profile over the period of the time window linearly, that is to say to approximate it using a constant gradient.

Nevertheless, the sequence that has been obtained by repetition of three consecutive light pulses approximates a “true sequence of deformation profiles” that occurs within a few microseconds after the excitation pulse on account of only one excitation pulse on the measurement surface.

In contrast, a negative correlation between international interdependence (approximated by the export quota) and the demand for unskilled and semi-skilled workers could only partly be ascertained.

Then it approximates the curve passing through these points at the degree the user indicates.(1-4)

The variable ApproxZ stands for the approximated intermediate result which is calculated, for example, by block 412 of FIG.

The variance of the mean difference: formula_5results in: formula_6Welch (1938) approximated the distribution of formula_7 by the Type III Pearson distribution (a scaled chi-squared distribution) whose first two moments agree with that of formula_7.

The variance of the mean difference d ¯ = x ¯ 1 ? x ¯ 2 {\displaystyle {\bar {d}}={\bar {x}}_{1}-{\bar {x}}_{2}} results in s d ¯ 2 = s 1 2 n 1 + s 2 2 n 2 . {\displaystyle s_{\bar {d}}^{2}={\frac {s_{1}^{2}}{n_{1}}}+{\frac {s_{2}^{2}}{n_{2}}}.} Welch (1938) approximated the distribution of s d ¯ 2 {\displaystyle s_{\bar {d}}^{2}} by the Type III Pearson distribution (a scaled chi-squared distribution) whose first two moments agree with that of s d ¯ 2 {\displaystyle s_{\bar {d}}^{2}} .

On the other hand, the original values are to be replaced by approximated values only if a saturation is actually present.

This sequence of temporally successive blocks of spectral coefficients is fed to means 12 for post-processing to obtain a block-wise complex approximated spectral representation comprising successive blocks, each block comprising a set of complex approximated spectral coefficients, wherein a complex approximated spectral coefficient can be represented by a first partial spectral coefficient and a second spectral coefficient, at least one of the first and second spectral coefficients being determined by combining at least two real spectral coefficients.

The aim of the method is to pass on unsaturated original current sampled values iA unchanged to the module 13 for as long as possible and to replace the sampled values iA by approximated values ia only in the case of an actually present saturation.