Translation of "Thermische anregung" in English

Electron-hole pairs are generated in that pn-junction by thermal excitation.

Thermal excitation is not sufficient for this purpose, with the given edge heights.

The thermal excitement can occur, e.g., by way of a high-energy laser pulse.

Due to thermal excitation, some of the magnetic particles occasionally topple into the other direction.

The selective activation of the resistors causes a thermal excitation of the ink and its outward propulsion.

To avoid thermal stimulation of conduction electrons, the temperature should be as low as possible and close to absolute zero. Tunneling probability depends very strongly upon the barrier thickness.

The radical polymerisation can be effected by thermal or photochemical excitation (light, ?-irradiation, electron emission), usually with the addition of radical initiators, e.g. inorganic or organic peroxides or azo compounds, or photoinitiators, e.g. organic peroxides and hydroperoxides, a-haloacetophenones, benzoin or its ethers, benzophenones, benzilacetals, anthraquinones, arsines, phosphines or thioureas.

They should be chosen so that a sufficiently high magnetic force can be exerted on them for migration in the dispersion liquid, that their mutual attraction in the deep-frozen state is not too high so that separation during thawing as a result of thermal excitation is ensured, and that they are capable of producing good optical contrast for visual detection.

The decrease in efficiency is due to the fact that with rising temperature the line width becomes larger, the excitation energy distributes among an increasing number of rotational lines, the number of deactiviating collisions increases and the population of the laser end level increases by thermal excitation, which results in a decrease in inversion of the individual transitions (K.

The actual grafting is initiated by a thermal or photochemical excitation of the relevant reactive groups of the macroinitiator.

Important for the function capability of the synistor is the condition that very many more electrons are raised from the donator ground state into the conduction band by collision ionization than by thermal excitation.

Semiconductor detectors of this type respond to changes by means of the thermal excitation of free charge carriers and are able to resolve a radiation of a high impulse sequence, but are not suitable for the continuous detection of a certain temperature level without additional devices, such modulators or deflecting devices that cyclically interrupt the incident ray or guide to other temperature levels.

The heat energy performs two functions, on the one hand it puts the dyestuff molecules into a gaseous condition, while on the other hand thermal excitation of the substrate coating permits diffusion of the dyestuff molecules into the coating on the substrate.

The decrease in efficiency is due to the fact that with rising temperature the line width becomes larger, the excitation energy distributes among an increasing number of rotational lines, the number of deactiviating collisions increases and the population of the laser end level increases by thermal excitation, which results in a decrease in inversion of the individual transitions (K.

A plasma is always obtained by external energy supply which can be effected especially by thermal excitation by radiative excitation or by excitation by electrostatic or electromagnetic fields.

However, if the energetic separation between the lowest triplet state and the lowest excited singlet state is not or is not significantly greater than the thermal energy, which is described by kT, the first excited singlet state of the molecule is accessible from the triplet state through thermal excitation and can be occupied thermally.

The next cycle begins with the same signal sequence, as soon as the molecules of the substance have returned from the second state into their first state by thermal excitation or owing to the excitation signal 3 .

However, if according to the present invention the thermal excitation of the sample is reduced, the thermal split-up of the population of the energy states decreases, and thus, the wavelength of the optical signal can be selectively tuned to a wavelength entailing large cross-sections for the desired transfer of the sample out of the first into the second state.

The modulation frequency W and its phase shift F, with which the thermal wave follows its excitation, are characteristic of the thermal wave.

In a thermionic emission process, the temperature of the source surface is high enough such that the electrons from the Fermi level E F of the cathode material can overcome the potential barrier by thermionic excitation.

In view of a reduced intensity of the photon beam, and a reduced energy of the photons or increased wavelength of the light of the photon beam, a heater is provided for heating the cathode body such that thermionic excitation of the electrons also contributes to the emission thereof from the source surface.

Depending on the electron transport material selected and the n-dopant used, the reaction may also take place via subsequent thermal excitation.

Thermal excitation by means of inelastic compression of the emission mass can be used for applications in a hard vacuum, since a small mass density is required to achieve high Alfvén velocities for this purpose.