Translation of "Elektrischer beheizung" in English

Electrically heated catalytic converters are described, for instance, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,146,743.

Temperature ranges of up to 700°C can be realised with electric heating.

There is no longer any need for an additional electrical connection for heating the junction piece.

Normally, the drying ovens are fitted with electrical heating .

Normally, the vacuum drying ovens are fitted with electrical heating.

The instant invention relates to a steering wheel with electric heating and to a process for its manufacture.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide a universal cooking vessel which is ideally suited to induction heating, conventional electric heating and heating with an open flame.

A valve in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that the flexible tongue (10) is constructed in layers of materials having different expansion coefficients, preferably asymmetrically in at least two layers or symmetrically in at least three layers and that the flexible tongue (10) can be deflected by means of electrical heating.

For decorating glass articles, after the shaping, the decoration is applied by rubber stamp, transfers, screen printing or the like, etc., to the cold glass and, possibly after predrying, the decoration is burnt in by a subsequent tempering process using, tunnel or hood furnaces with gas or electrical heating.

It is an object of the instant invention to create a steering wheel that is highly functional and economical in manufacture, with electric heating and a process for its manufacture. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The blower unit described can furthermore be used universally, i.e., can also be used in baking ovens with conventional electric heating, where the heat transport disc 28 can serve to remove the operating heat of the blower motor 11, and the dish 26 can serve as a heat sink element.

A curve II shows the temperature course when electrical heating begins directly after starting for a relatively large, high-mass portion of a catalytic converter.

It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide an electrically heated catalytic Converter, which overcomes the hereinafore-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices of this general type and which can be standardized with respect to its dimensions yet nevertheless enables adaptation to given peripheral conditions over wide ranges.

Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a catalytic converter with electric heating, including a housing containing at least one honeycomb body configuration through which an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine can flow in a flow direction, the honeycomb body configuration being electrically conductive at least in partial regions, being heatable and having a catalytically active coating at least in partial regions.

In particular in the case of an electrical heating, the heating is effected linearly with time and therefore has a corresponding longer duration as a function of the magnitude of the plastic portion on the one hand and the magnitude of the temperature difference that is to be overcome on the other hand.

It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide a universal cooking vessel which is ideally suited to induction heating, conventional electric heating and heating with an open flame.

NORMA Group's Bi-SCR urea transport systems are made of weight-saving plastic and can combine pipe sections with internal and external electrical heating.

Measurements performed with additional electrical heating - starting from the level of the cryoradiometer (about 1 mW) - allow extending the meter range to higher and lower powers over more than twelve orders of magnitude.

The invention relates to a method for extracting bitumen and/or extra-heavy oil from an underground deposit, wherein the viscosity of the bitumen and/or extra-heavy oil is reduced in situ, for which purpose the deposit is supplied with energy in the form of steam flowing through the deposit on the one hand and electric heating on the other hand.

The heating element is preferably designed with electric heating, has a high power density in at least one section and low thermal inertia and is furthermore designed in a way, so that a temperature changing gradient of 20 to 250 Kelvin per second (K/s), preferably 150 K/s, can be reached at the surface of the heating element.

An electrical connection (not represented) for heating a respiratory tube may be optionally provided in the region of the tube connection.

If electrical energy is used for heating the bottom of a column in the cryogenic range, it must be ensured in particular that the heater is reliable, and possibly exchangeable, but also that the heating vessel is tightly sealed.

The purpose of the invention is furthermore achieved by a heating element with electric heating and with a high power density (high-performance heating element) in at least one section and low thermal inertia, designed in a way, so that a temperature change gradient of 20 to 250 K/s, preferably 150 K/s, can be achieved on the surface of the heating element.

The reaction zone may for example be heated via the vessel wall, for example by electric heating or using heat transfer fluid or steam.

If the vapor consumption (V) is compared during desorption with and without preceding electric heating, the following values are obtained for the aforementioned adsorption:

In a 2 I high-pressure autoclave provided with a stirrer and electric heating, 1000 g of tributene (C 12 -olefin mixture from the Octol process of OXENO GmbH) were hydroformylated at 180° C. and a constant synthesis gas pressure of 270 bar in the presence of a cobalt catalyst.