Übersetzung für "Hard constraint" in Deutsch

This suggests that financial liberalization might be dangerous until even SOEs are subject to a hard budget constraint.

Yet, for the most part, limited cooperation has been the world’s chosen course in recent years, with countries believing not only that they must fend for themselves, but also that their debt levels impose a hard constraint on growth-generating investment.

Consequently, the enterprises do not have to face a sufficiently "hard budget constraint" - there is still an expectation by enterprise managers that the government or the banks will bail them out when they incur losses.

The lack of a hard budget constraint, voucher privatisation to insiders, and the absence of a credible bankruptcy threat, were also not conducive to enterprise restructuring.

The latter were not necessary as cheap credit could be used to neutralize the lack of flexibility of labour markets (and the inability to manage under a hard budget constraint) in many countries.

For no-one will be able to enjoy his possessions for much longer, and woe to those who have no other but earthly riches to show.... their desire for matter will be fulfilled.... They will become matter themselves, and an infinitely long time will pass before they will get released again from their hard constraint, which they nevertheless had endeavoured towards of their own free will and therefore shall also receive according to their will....

All public enterprises had been made subject to hard budget constraints.

All public enterprises subject to hard budget constraints.

Also hard budget constraints need to be imposed on public enterprises.

The user also has the possibility of fixing further hard and soft constraints.

Hard budget constraints were imposed on state agro-processing firms and sales cooperatives.

The software has to deal with limited resources and hard real-time constraints.

Putin has allowed the “systemic liberals” in his administration to impose hard budget constraints even on the large state companies.

Given that the private sector is generally significantly more productive than SOEs or LGFVs, generating much higher returns on investment, the absence of hard budget constraints on troubled SOEs clearly must be addressed.

Imprudent lending, poor supervision, and an absence of "hard budget constraints" - the idea that debts have to be repaid - resulted in mounting losses in these sectors, which derailed progress towards macroeconomic stabilisation.

Genuine "hard budget constraints" are not yet in place (in essence, this would require that loss-making enterprises know they will not, as in the past, be bailed out by the authorities).

The liberal trade policy, openness to foreign investment as well as the emergence of a strong banking sector ensure that market signals and hard budget constraints are transmitted fairly rapidly unto the economy.

Some elements of the health care reform introduced since mid-2003, such as hard-budget constraints and increased cost-sharing, were abolished in 2006.

The imposition of hard budget constraints, by cutting subsidies and putting a stop to easy credits to enterprises, and the rapid privatisation have strengthened the role of market forces in investment and production decisions.

As with the reform of energy prices, the full impact of environmental pricing will only be felt when enterprises face hard budget constraints within a more competitive market structure.

On the other hand, substantial adjustment costs are involved, since with the introduction of market prices, foreign competition and hard budget constraints, a significant number of producers would be expected to go bankrupt.