Translation of "Kurzschluss nach masse" in English

Only in the event of a short circuit to earth is this voltage also zero with applied test voltage.

In this instance, when the driver attaches the tire-fill tube, a sleeping fault is detected (for example, a short circuit to ground is first detected because, with the attachment, only the closing contact changes its state).

The second state represents a short-circuit of the connection point to ground, and the third state represents an interruption of the connection point to the supply voltage.

If this value is exceeded, this indicates a short cut of the bus toward ground, which must be detected.

A short-circuit of the synchronization line to ground is thus recognized and the unintentional phase short-circuit is forbidden due to the short-circuit error.

But if in terms of group diagnosis the error type “short circuit to earth” could not be assumed, finalising of group diagnosis of error type “Open Load” is alleged.

By way of advantage the antenna system should also be suitably configured such that reliable type recognition is also enabled for other possible error types in terms of group diagnosis, specifically short circuit to earth and “Open Load” state, before identification of the respective defective individual antenna is made.

Via tapping of the diagnosis potential at the second reference point, which on the one hand is preferably connected electrically with earth via a suitable resistor, at the same time the antenna current of the individual antennae in particular can be measured particularly easily, which can be used as a particularly suitable criterion for verifying a short circuit to earth or for identifying an “Open Load” state.

Basic examples of error types are the error types “short circuit to supply voltage”, “short circuit to earth” and “Open Load” state, whereby the “Open Load” state corresponds to electrical severing of the respective individual antenna 14, therefore a defective electrical connection between the positive pole 24 and the negative pole 26 of the respective individual antenna 14 .

In case no voltage between first reference point 34 and earth can be measured, in terms of group diagnosis the error type “short circuit to earth” is assumed.

In accordance with the invention, the length l of the section 21 a of the stripline 20 a (FIG. 1) is chosen such that the short circuit to ground GND from the end of the section 21 a is transformed by the section 21 a of the stripline 20 a into a short circuit at the start of the section 21 a, which is connected through the coupling capacitor C_ 1 to the bond pad 10 of the circuit.

If it is distinctly lower than the nominal supply level to the sensors, this suggest a short circuit to ground.

In this case, in terms of the following individual diagnosis it can now be determined which of the individual antennae 14 has the short circuit to earth.

If faults occur, for example, a short-circuit to ground, a short-circuit to battery voltage or a load drop of the corresponding control unit plug connection, a fault is not reported further before the elapse of a filter time or debouncing time in order to avoid false reports caused by brief internal interference.

To prevent an undesired increase in current at low values for the measuring resistor 16 or a short circuit to ground, a current limiting circuit of transistors 70, 72, 74 can limit the current through the current control loop to a predetermined maximum value.

Another disadvantage of the known driver circuit is the fact that no distinction can be made between a short circuit to earth and a short circuit to the supply voltage. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Electronic switching output stages may be tested for a drop in load in which no load current occurs, for an underload in which the load current that occurs is too low, for an overload in which the load current that occurs is too high, and for a short circuit to ground and a short circuit to the power supply.

Diagnosis of the electronic switching output stage for short circuit to ground (low resistance or high resistance) is usually performed with the output stage on via a voltage drop at the shunt and/or by ascertaining an on-resistance of the output stage.

A short circuit to ground (low resistance, high resistance) is diagnosed with the output stage off by applying a test current or a test potential, usually by a voltage measurement at the load.

Then a clocked and/or periodic and/or modulated control of the gate terminal 52, for example, permits dimming of the LED strand connected at CH 2, in that a short-circuit to ground takes place in accordance with the “on” time of the FET 50, and this portion of the current, which is tapped off to ground, is no longer available for the CH 2 .

If this potential is faulty, in particular if there is a short circuit to ground, then first switch 11 is permanently opened immediately by diagnostic 23 via control 20, so that no current is able to flow any longer across actuator(s) 10 .

The low-pass 7 can be a capacitive short circuit to ground, for example, for the HF signals, i.e., for the reception signal of the PD 2 and for the local oscillator signal proceeding from the LC oscillator; however, the IF signal can pass unimpeded.

The type of the deviation is an indicator as to whether, and at which connection, which kind of short circuit (shunt after ground or toward the positive supply potential) or which kind of a high-ohmic state exists.

A protection device that uses a zero-sequence current to form a short-circuit to the ground is called a zero-sequence current protection device.

Terminal ZKM of ignition circuit ZK is short circuited to ground.

Connection point ZKP of ignition circuit ZK is short circuited to ground.

A line may be, for example, short-circuited to ground or to the supply voltage.

Check for open or short to ground in circuit with no light.

Check harness routing for a potential short to ground in CKT 410.

Check harness routing for possible short to ground in CKT 472.

A protective circuit for short circuits to ground is produced in the current supply in similar fashion.

Otherwise, it is possible to detect only a short circuit to ground or to V cc .

In addition, the inventive circuit advantageously tolerates shorting to battery voltage and to ground in all switching states.

In addition to the single LED short circuit, LITIX Basic+ products detect both open load faults and short circuit to ground faults.

A different mode of operation arises in case 5, i.e., in case of a short circuit of CANL to ground.

Defect cases of this kind can consist for example of a short circuit to ground, a short circuit to the potential of the supply voltage, a short circuit between the two wires, or a wire break.

For example, if the control device learns via the simulation circuit that a short circuit to the ground of the supply voltage is present in the triggering means, the control device then instructs that no switching to the positive pole of the supply voltage is to occur during a further diagnosis, since this would result in a firing of the airbag.

This circuit system provides a second circuit which is parallel-connected to the first circuit wherein the second circuit is connected to the connection point and is suitable for detecting a second or a third state, the second state representing a short circuit of the connection point to ground, and the third state representing an interruption of the connection point to the supply voltage.

If this is the case, then in step 310, a malfunction of the measuring device is detected based on a possible interruption in the positive supply voltage line, a short circuit to ground or an interruption of the signal lines and the program is ended.

These measures afford no protection for a short circuit, for example, of a consumer terminal to ground. For this reason, the current through the individual transistors is monitored which, in the case of a fault with the occurrence of a short circuit, transfers the output stage into a safe condition.

Any failure of one of the two signal lines due to short-circuiting to ground or to the voltage supply or an interruption of the lines has the consequence that communication among substations of the entire network breaks down.

If one of the signal or bus lines U- or U+ fails, i.e. is interrupted or a short-circuit to ground or to the supply voltage occurs, during sleep mode, an output signal is emitted by the comparators 5 and 7 of the flank change detection circuit to the OR gate 9 as soon as an edge or flank change of a signal occurs on the still intact bus line.

A disadvantage in the detection of short circuits resides in that particularly “soft” short circuits toward ground cannot be detected in all cases.

The method for detecting a short circuit to ground or to the operating voltage of the signal line of a resolver comprises the measurement of the potential of the signal lines of the receiver coil with respect to ground at two sampling instants (R and F) which are situated symmetrically with respect to the midpoint of the excitation period.

The monitoring system must on the one hand protect the electronic components, i.e. in particular in the context of short circuits to ground or to battery voltage.

To enable fixing a short circuit to earth, at the same time each drive path between signal transmitter and respective individual antenna is connected preferably electrically via an assigned feed isolation diode to a common, for required application of test voltage provided contact point.