Translation of "In ständiger rechtsprechung" in English

The European Communities have a relatively uniform system of rules — their con stitution.

In established case law, however, French courts grant EWCs a forbearance claim against the enterprise.

The Court of Justice of the European Communities has consistently held that Member States may not plead provisions, practices or circumstances existing in their own internal legal systems to justify failure to comply with obligations and time limits laid down in Directives.

It has moreover consistently ruled that any unfavourable treatment of women related to pregnancy or maternity constitutes direct sex discrimination.

It has moreover consistently ruled that any unfavourable treatment of women related to pregnancy or maternity constitutes direct sex discrimination.

As confirmed by settled case-law, any unjustified restriction resulting from national law restricting the freedom of establishment or the freedom to provide services is prohibited, including any discrimination on grounds of nationality or residence.

There can be no doubt that, as has been recognised in the well-established case law of the Court of Justice, these principles apply to public contracts whatever their value.

Apart from the lack of direct contact between the consumer and the operator, previously referred to, the particular ease and the permanence of access to games offered over the Internet and the potentially high volume and frequency of such an international offer, in an environment which is moreover characterised by isolation of the player, anonymity and an absence of social control, constitute so many factors likely to foster the development of gambling addiction and the related squandering of money, and thus likely to increase the negative social and moral consequences attaching thereto, as underlined by consistent case-law.

The principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value as laid down by Article 141 of the Treaty and consistently upheld in the case-law of the Court of Justice constitutes an important aspect of the principle of equal treatment between men and women and an essential and indispensable part of the acquis communautaire, including the case-law of the Court concerning sex discrimination.

The Court has in fact consistently ruled that aid to an undertaking may be such as to affect trade between the Member States and distort competition even if the beneficiary undertaking does not participate in intra-Union trade itself.

The Court of Justice has consistently recognised the legitimacy, as regards the principle of equal treatment, of protecting a woman's biological condition during pregnancy and maternity and of introducing maternity protection measures as a means to achieve substantive equality.

This principle has been repeatedly explained by the Commission [8] and consistently confirmed by the Court [9].

The Court has in fact consistently ruled that aid to an undertaking may be such as to affect trade between the Member States and distort competition even if the beneficiary undertaking does not participate in intra-Community trade itself.

This principle has been repeatedly explained by the Commission and consistently confirmed by the Court [35].

In this context, the Court has consistently held that the restriction of access to certain posts in the public service to a Member State's own nationals is to be interpreted restrictively and that it covers only posts involving direct or indirect participation in the exercise of powers conferred by public law and duties designed to safeguard the general interests of the State or of other public authorities.

In accordance with settled case-law the Court has laid down three conditions which are necessary and sufficient to render the State liable for infringements of Community law attributable to it.

From the settled case-law of the Court of Justice, it has been clearly established that all exemptions have to be strictly interpreted, given that they are exceptions to the general rules on the taxation of supplies of goods and services.

In its settled case-law, the Court of Justice has underlined that all exemptions have to be interpreted restrictively, since they are exceptions to the general rule which requires that VAT be levied on any economic activity.

The Court of Justice of the European Communities has consistently recognised the legitimacy, in terms of the principle of equal treatment, of protecting a woman's biological condition during and after pregnancy.

The Court of Justice has consistently recognised the legitimacy, in terms of the principle of equal treatment, of protecting a woman's biological condition during and after pregnancy.

Before I turn to consider those paragraphs of the judgment under appeal, I recall the strict criteria which the Court has laid down in its consistent caselaw for the review of an allegation that evidence has been distorted. According to it, evidence may be found to have been distorted where, without recourse to new evidence, the assessment of the existing evidence appears to be clearly incorrect.

In proceedings before the Landgericht (Regional Court) Traunstein (Germany) between AMOK and A & R, the latter had been represented by a lawyer who was established in Austria and worked in conjunction with a lawyer established in Germany, in accordance with Paragraph 28. As it was the successful party in the dispute, A & R sought reimbursement of its legal costs from AMOK. In that connection, it first sought, with regard to the lawyer established in Austria, the associated costs calculated according to the Austrian scale, which were significantly higher than the costs resulting from application of the Bundesgebührenordnung für Rechtsanwälte (federal regulation on lawyers'fees) of 26 July 1957 A & R thereafter requested reimbursement of the fees paid to the lawyer established in Germany pursuant to Paragraph 24a(l) of the BRAGO. AMOK objected to A & R's request on the ground that a lawyer established in Austria was not necessary for the proceedings in this case nor, consequently, was his cooperation with the lawyer established in Germany. In any event, in a dispute before a German court, the reimbursement of costs by the unsuccessful party must be calculated by reference to the German scale, which is the only scale that is foreseeable. The Oberlandesgericht München, before which the request for reimbursement of the legal costs was brought on appeal, states that it consistently applies the principle that a party which is established in another Member State and arranges to be represented by a lawyer established in that State may claim from the other party reimbursement of its legal costs only in the amount of those which would have resulted from the involvement of a lawyer established in Germany, and that it cannot in any event claim the costs of a lawyer established in Germany with whom the lawyer established in the other Member State has worked in conjunction.

The Tribunal held, inter alia, that this provision should apply not only to those cases where the breach of the rules on admissibility is so obvious and blatant that no serious argument can be put forward in favour of admissibility, but also to those cases where, on reading the court le, the formation of the court is entirely convinced of the inadmissibility of the application, in particular because it breaches the requirements established by settled case-law, and takes the view that the holding of a hearing would not be liable to furnish any new evidence whatsoever in that regard (orders of 27 March 2007 in Case F-87/06 Manté v Council; of 20 April 2007 in Case F-13/07 L v EMEA; and of 20 June 2007 in Case F-51/06 Tesoka v FEACVT).

Some operators may agree to take aspects of solidarity into account in the light of other benefitsthey may obtain from intervening in the sector underconsideration.