Übersetzung für "Tying bundling" in Deutsch

In the following the term “tying” refers to both tying and bundling.

A dominant undertaking may try to foreclose its competitors by tying or bundling.

However, an undertaking which is dominant in one product market (or more) of a tie or bundle (referred to as the tying market) can harm consumers through tying or bundling by foreclosing the market for the other products that are part of the tie or bundle (referred to as the tied market) and, indirectly, the tying market.

Article 3 of the TTBER, which limits the application of the block exemption by market share thresholds, ensures that tying and bundling are not block exempted above the market share thresholds of 20 % in the case of agreements between competitors and 30 % in the case of agreements between non-competitors.

The guidelines not only provide a general framework for analysing licence agreements, but also contain specific sections on the application of Article 81 to various types of licensing restraints, in particular royalty obligations, exclusive licensing and sales restrictions, output restrictions, field of use restrictions, captive use restrictions, tying and bundling and non-compete obligations.

The risk of anticompetitive foreclosure is expected to be greater where the dominant undertaking makes its tying or bundling strategy a lasting one, for example through technical tying which is costly to reverse.

This section sets out the circumstances which are most likely to prompt an intervention by the Commission when assessing tying and bundling by dominant undertakings.

For instance, halting supplies in order to punish customers for dealing with competitors or refusing to supply customers that do not agree to tying arrangements, will be examined by the Commission in line with the principles set out in the sections on exclusive dealing and tying and bundling.

Provided that the conditions set out in Section III D are fulfilled, the Commission will look into claims by dominant undertakings that their tying and bundling practices may lead to savings in production or distribution that would benefit customers.

Tying or bundling may lead to anticompetitive effects in the tied market, the tying market, or both at the same time.

Tying and bundling are common practices aiming at providing customers with better products or offerings in more cost effective ways.

Tying and bundling are common practices intended to provide customers with better products or offerings in more cost effective ways.

The Commission may also consider whether tying and bundling practices allow the supplier to pass on efficiencies arising from its production or purchase of large quantities of the tied product.

However, even when the aim of the tying or bundling is to protect the dominant undertaking's position in the tying market, this is done indirectly through foreclosing the tied market.

Moreover, any possible tying or bundling practice by IMS Health is unlikely to have anticompetitive effects, because alternative providers will continue to compete effectively on the markets concerned.