Übersetzung für "Excess carrier" in Deutsch

Excess charge carrier separation and transport are assisted by the correspondingly formed electric fields.

After leaving the bath, excess carrier liquid is removed from the continuous band, preferably with the aid of a pair of press rollers.

Excess carrier gas escapes through the pressure relief device, thereby preventing air from entering the analysis receptacle.

Further control of this final carrier liquid release layer is achieved by vacuum 48 with excess carrier liquid being returned to a collector tank (not shown) through vacuum tube 49.

The toned electrostatic latent image is conveyed around on the recording member 1 and excess carrier liquid and excess toner are removed by vacuum head 4 before the toned image is transferred to an intermediate roller 13.

Vacuum is applied through pipe 27 and excess carrier material is received in tank 26 in the body 28 and then transferred to recycling through pipe 27 under the applied vacuum force.

Excess carrier liquid is removed by vacuum 41 and returned to a collector tank (not shown) through vacuum tube 40.

If inadequate vacuum intensity is used the developed image, because of excess residual carrier left on the recording member, will exhibit not only higher background fog but also increased carrier liquid carry-out to the paper web.

A further advantage of the use of vacuum extraction means is that in those areas of the electrostatic latent image in which there is no charge, stray toner particles may be removed along with excess carrier thereby reducing the amount of background fog on the final image.

Generally this invention describes a method of printing using liquid toners where the latent image on the ferro-electric recording member is toned with the excess carrier being removed and thereafter transferred to a suitable substrate wherein the said image becomes instantly bonded to the substrate without the requirement for additional fixing apparatus of any manner.

The invention may further include a step of further removing excess carrier from the developed image by means of a second vacuum extraction means on the intermediate member.

Preferably the excess carrier and excess toner material removed by the vacuum extraction means or the second vacuum extraction means is recycled.

There may be further included vacuum extraction means to remove excess carrier liquid from the developed latent image on the intermediate member.

The cleaning unit of these embodiments of the invention may comprise a driven cleaning roller, means to apply carrier liquid to the respective member before it reaches the cleaning roller and extraction means to remove excess carrier liquid from the respective member.

The excess carrier fluid is then brought again by the removal member 18 to a thickness that is advantageous for the transfer printing of the toner images.

In addition, the front passivation layer may advantageously also consist of two different insulating passivation layers of opposed high surface charge (for example opposed identically to the two passivation regions on the rear of the solar cell) so as to assist the selective excess charge carrier separation from the front (location of the primary excess charge carrier generation) to the back (location of excess charge carrier dissipation) by an incorporated electric field (in turn generated by the insulating passivation regions).

The contact with the absorber layer is then passivated in the inner region of the point- or strip-contact and the selective excess charge carrier removal takes place in the edge region.

In the case of a doped photoactive absorber layer, if the structure sizes of the contacts are greater than twice the mean width of the space-charge regions then the contact openings of the excess minorities can thus be modified by additional, externally applied doped hetero-contact layers or by local diffusion so that the semiconductor surface of the absorber layer also contributes there to the selective excess carrier charge removal.

The insulating passivation layer applied on the front of the absorber layer then advantageously also contributes to the selective excess charge carrier separation and the excess charge carriers collected on the front are removed via the feedthroughs to a contact system arranged on the rear, which system is designed similarly to that described above.

In the configurations indicated (intrinsic absorber, doped absorber with doped hetero-contact layers or conventionally doped diffused regions), the absorber is primarily passivated with planarly separated insulating passivation layers (with high different surface charge), and these take on the selective excess charge carrier separation.

However, these structures pose the drawback that, as a result of the conductive passivation layer arranged on the front and any further layers arranged on the front, the photoabsorption in these layers does not contribute to excess charge carrier generation in the photoabsorber.