Übersetzung für "Variables kapital" in Englisch

It is only a potential variable capital, owing to its convertibility into labor power.

I therefore call it the variable part of capital, or, shortly, variable capital.

I therefore call it the variable part of capital, or, shortly, variable capital.

It must be converted partly into constant and partly into variable capital.

This part forms his variable capital.

Hence what they advance is nothing but their constant and variable capital.

First the expenditure on variable capital by the capitalists in Department II is closely scrutinised.

This part is not expended on wages; it is not transformed into variable capital.

This part forms his variable capital.

The variable capital thus resumes its money-form.

Due to this fact, unions become managers of workers as variable capital – labour as a commodity.

Costs of circulating capital are expenses for “production material” and for labour power, both of them are consumed in production during the year (that is the definition of “circulating capital”):*"100 €" wage costs (variable capital) – see assumption above.

For example, he must invest:*"100 €" for wages (variable capital "v"):Furthermore he must invest for constant capital "c":*"100 €" for “production material”*"100 €" for “instruments” (life span 2 years)*"100 €" for “machines” (life span 4 years)*"100 €" for “equipment” (life span infinity).

In order to expand the analysis to compute for instance the value of constant capital c, variable capital v und surplus value (or profit) s for the economy as whole or to compute the ratios between these magnitudes like rate of surplus value s/v or value composition of capital, it is necessary to know the relative size of one department with respect to the other.

Let the capital advanced be = £100, of which £80 represents constant capital, and £20 variable capital, and let the rate of surplus value be = 100%, so that the worker works half the working day for himself, and the other half for the capitalist, without receiving payment.

On the side of value, it is determined by the proportion in which it is divided into constant capital or value of the means of production, and variable capital or value of labour-power, the sum total of wages.

If the capitalist pays wages to the workers, he does not abandon his variable capital and let it stray into the workers' hands, to become their income. He only exchanges the value-form of his variable capital against its natural form, labour power.

By the release of capital we mean that a portion of that part of the total value of the product which had to be reconverted into constant or variable capital up to a certain time becomes disposable and superfluous, provided production is to continue on the same scale.

The capitalist procures his machines in order to save wages variable capital), so that henceforth one worker will create in an hour as many commodities as previously in three or four.

According to the labor theory of value, only the living labor utilized produces surplus value. But as profit is surplus value measured against the total capital (i.e., against the sum of constant and variable capital), profits should be lower in industries with more constant than variable capital than in industries where these proportions are reversed.

Now, although this portion of capital, in the beginning of a new year, and of a new cycle of turn-over, is not in the condition of productive capital, but in that of money-capital, in which it cannot take part in the process of production, there is, nevertheless, circulating variable capital, namely labor-power, active in the process of production at the opening of the new cycle of turn-over.

The value of each portion of any product of capital contains a certain portion of value equal to the constant capital, another portion of value equal to the variable capital (converted into wages for the laborer), and another portion of value equal to surplus-value (which later on becomes profit and rent).

It is, therefore, easy to understand why the bourgeois political economy instinctively clung to Adam Smith's confusion of the categories of "constant and variable capital" with the categories "fixed and circulating capital," and repeated it parrotlike from generation to generation for a century.

Money, and money-capital, is a potential variable capital only to the extent that it is convertible into labor-power.

Thus we are a little nearer to the division of the social product into constant capital (means of production), variable capital (provisions for the workers) and surplus value (provisions for the capitalists).

The return of both of these at opposite poles—and to this extent the reappearance of 500 in money not merely in the capacity of money, but of variable capital in the form of money—is conditioned on one and the same process.

In the denominator v stands for the entire portion of the total capital used on an average as variable capital for the payment of wages.

One ought to call the machine variable capital for the same reason as human labor power, since both yield surplus value."

The means of production and labor-power in so far as they are forms of existence of advanced capital values, are distinguished by the different roles assumed by them in the production of value, hence also of surplus-value, and known under the names of constant and variable capital.