Translation of "Water splitting" in German

They are resistant to splitting, water, abrasions and external environment influences.

After many intermediate stages, they drive the water-splitting reaction in green plants and algae.

Autocatalytic water splitting then occurs in the bipolar membrane to maintain ion migration.

This involves splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity.

As an inexpensive photocatalyst, it can be used to facilitate water splitting using sunlight.

Moreover, Iridium-based materials are simultaneously applied for the necessary water splitting into O2.

The advantage of this mechanism is that ATP may be generated in the absence of water splitting.

The direct utilization of concentrated solar radiation for thermochemical water splitting avoids this and has a higher efficiency.

A photoelectrochemical cell is designed for in-situ detection of dioxygen during photoelectrochemical water splitting experiments.

Thus, a great deal of research currently focuses on splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen directly using sunlight.

We need to be more active in carrying out scientific research that would lead to avoidance of the use of fossil fuels and suggest alternative methods of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen.

For the first time, scientists have achieved thermal water splitting using solar energy, generating hydrogen and oxygen without emissions.

Another is the conversion of renewable energy into hydrogen (by splitting water molecules) or a synthetic liquid fuel made with carbon dioxide from the air.

This invention furthermore concerns a process for the preparation of the 5-cyanoprostacyclins of this invention according to Formula I, comprising conventionally subjecting a compound of Formula II ##STR9## wherein R1, R2, A, W, D, and E are as defined above, optionally after conventional protection of any free hydroxy groups present, to a water splitting-off step, after reaction with a carbanion produced from the nitrile of Formula III N==C--CH2 --CH2 --CH2 --CH2 --R3 III and a base such as lithium diisopropylamide, wherein R3 is as defined above, optionally after liberation of protected hydroxy groups.

The reaction of the polyamines with the higher carboxylic acids, although working in solvents or dispersing agents is of course also suitable, is preferably carried out in the melt at temperatures around 150°-200° C., if appropriate under protective gas (preferably N2), water splitting off and the desired amide-amines forming in a way familiar to a skilled worker.

Processes may be carried out in the absence of solvent by releasing water from a water-splitting compound during the reaction.

The acid treatment takes place conventionally by dissolving a compound of general Formula II or III in a water-miscible solvent, such as aqueous methanol, ethanol or acetone, and treating the solution with catalytic amounts of a mineral acid or sulfonic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid until the cleavage of ketal and water and the splitting off of any present acid-sensitive blocking groups have been completed.

For the first time, scientists have achieved thermal water splitting using solar energy, generating hydrogen and oxygen without CO2 emissions.

A chemical drying or dehyration takes place thereby which is accomplished by the polyisocyanates present in the EP/IC resins which react with water while splitting off CO2.

Such a superimposed reaction can proceed for example accompanied by formal splitting-off of water, e.g. this splitting-off of water can be intramolecular or intermolecular and go back to esterification, etherification, anhydride formation, amide formation etc.

The polyimide layer is disadvantageous in this embodiment, this layer splitting water off during hardening (or, respectively, imidization) and exhibiting a reaction contraction.

Significant advances have been made in characterizing the proteins and functional groups involved in the reaction centres of photosystems and in the water-splitting reaction.