Übersetzung für "Product substitution" in Deutsch

In addition, the gap between the level of taxation of cigarettes and fine-cut tobacco gives rise to product substitution.

Price inflation caused by product substitution should therefore ideally diminish over time.

A total of 9.02 g (94 percent of theory) of crude substitution product was obtained.

In the cyclization of gamma-chlorobutyric acid ethyl ester with sodium methylate in ethanol, the 4-ethoxy-butyric acid ethyl ester is formed as a by-product by substitution.

This suggests that product substitution often leads to price increases, thereby raising the optimal inflation rate.

However, in special circumstances, particularly where there is a risk of product substitution taking place in the course of supply after the said checks, the monitor may, after authorization by the Commission, make additional checks of the same kind during the loading operations.

It is an agenda for competitiveness and growth based on using fewer resources when we produce and consume goods and creating business and job opportunities from activities such as recycling, better product design, materials substitution and eco-engineering.

The oxazolidine semi-esters are obtained through esterification of an N-2-hydroxyalkyloxazolidin with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride, preferably phthalic anhydride or a hydration or substitution product of such a compound.

For example the monoalkylation of o-xylene leads exclusively to substitution in the 4-position while for cumene and n-octylbenzene, alkylation proceeds to give mainly the 4-substitution product.

An amino group protected by 2-haloacetyl, for example 2-chloroacetyl, can be freed by treatment with thiourea in the presence of a base, or with a thiolate salt, such as an alkali metal thiolate of thiourea, and subsequent solvolysis, such as alcoholysis or hydrolysis, of the resulting substitution product.

From this reference it can be seen that in the copper-catalyzed substitution reaction described therein the yield of the substitution product is drastically decreased by the addition of 2,2'-dipyridine, that is to say a cyclic diaza compound.

These more persistent, structural trends relate to the effects of changes in competition from overseas suppliers, changes in the state of external markets, adjustments in consumer attitudes, technological developments, product substitution, variations in labour productivity and employment preference, and economic policy.

But these controls must be applied both to the substitution product and to the basic product, both to the imported product and to that produced in the Community.

As well as implications for employment, they influence technological innovation, resource and product substitution, training and education (Figure 2.1).

An amino group protected by 2-haloacetyl, for example 2-chloroacetyl, can be freed by treatment with thiourea in the presence of a base, or with a thiolate salt, such as an alkali metal thiolate, of thiourea and by subsequent solvolysis, such as alcoholysis or hydrolysis, of the resulting substitution product.