Übersetzung für "Startbeginn" in Englisch

With us, all costs of the project are defined before the start of the project and presented clearly.

By this method of connecting the counters 52 and 54, output pulses to the intensity modulation device 33 are provided in a specific pattern. After a start signal ST1 in each case a pulse appears after each fifth clock pulse per line at the output (5) of the vertical counter 52 and at the output (1 . . . 7) of the horizontal counter 54 simultaneously.

The sequence x of uniformly spaced cold-start injection pulses ti* which fit in each case into an ignition timing interval TDn has the effect of producing a substantially better atomization of the fuel which is so fine that ignitability is already achieved virtually immediately after the beginning of starting.

However, this controlled increase must be reversed again whenever the starting operation is not completed within the indirectly preset time (=number of TD pulses from the beginning of starting without controlled increase), i.e. the internal combustion engine has not reached the temperature-dependent speed threshold NST3, in order to prevent the engine dying on account of the over-rich mixture caused by the increased speed.

During operation, i.e., the configuration can be changed after installation of the unit, by loading a configuration data file, at the start of the application.

In a distributor injection pump known from the German Offenlegungsschrift No. 26 48 043, which has a hydraulic injection adjuster, a timing adjustment toward "early" is controlled in accordance with temperature and is superimposed on the injection adjustment controlled in accordance with rpm by means of a further change, controlled in accordance with temperature, in the presupply pump pressure exerted upon the adjustment piston of the injection adjuster.

Process according to claim 7, wherein the stored table (HKSIAN) contains the required number (x) of injections for each successive ignition interval determined as a function of time from a TD pulse to a next TD pulse from the beginning of cold starting (0 TD) to a preset total number (48 TD) of ignition intervals.

Since the PWRUP flag is initially cleared upon start-up and is not set in step 382 until the turn delay timer has expired, step 496 will prevent automatic spout movement upon start-up until the undershoot delay time has expired (494) and the undershoot values are updated at step 504.

The speed change or the speed at the start beginning and at the start end of the internal combustion engine is advantageously ascertained from an intended drive torque set by the driver of the hybrid vehicle.

Speed n Startbegin, which is associated with instantaneous drive torque M trq, is determined in block 102 by the method of drivetrain modeling.

At the start beginning, an instantaneous drive torque M trq is measured, to which constant torque reserve M Start is added.

As the final condition for a successful tow start process, there must occur, in addition to the inactivity of the starter upon initiation of the start-up process, also the success of the tow start process through the detection of the termination of the start-up process—only then may the tow start process be evaluated as having occurred.

To determine the predicted torque, control unit 13 may calculate predicted drive torque M trqMaxPrcd in block 105 taking into account nominal speed n e of electric motor 1 from the formula M trqMaxPrcd =M trqMax ×(n Startbegin /n Startend) (2), if one of the two speeds n Startend or n Startbegin is greater than nominal speed n e .

If electric motor speed range n Startend is less than/equal to nominal speed n e and n Startbegin is less than/equal to nominal speed n e, the maximum drive torque is represented in idealized form as nearly independent of the instantaneous electric motor speed and therefore M trqMaxPrcd =M trqMax .

For example, during rapid starting of the mobile device (i.e., at the commencement of starting and with low power of the fuel cell system), the power is applied by the dynamic power system so that the large torque necessary to accelerate the device is rapidly available.

If, in a preferred variant for a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the crank angle for the next start is set at the end of the compression stroke, preferably in a region right after top dead center, at the beginning of starting, the starter need only overcome the relatively low-compression suction stroke of the internal combustion engine.

Moreover, almost two full revolutions remain for the starter at the beginning of starting, in order to build up sufficient starting power to overcome the next compression stroke.

The various possible ways of determining the crankshaft position on commencement of the starting process will be explored below in the connection with the preferred embodiments of the method.

The inventors recognized that the position of the crankshaft at the beginning of starting is of considerable importance for the starting behavior of an internal combustion engine.

In another variant, the crank angle at which the starting time (i.e., the time from the beginning of starting to starting of the internal combustion engine), is reduced to a minimum is chosen as starting angle.

The electric machine 4 and the inverter 7 are designed so that they can apply the required torque in both directions of rotation of crankshaft 2 to adjust a desired crank angle position before the beginning of starting, and also to apply the starting power required during starting for direct cranking of crankshaft 2 to the required starting speed.

This is particularly advantageous for plug-in drive systems of hybrid vehicles, which are charged from a power supply in order to ensure an efficiency-optimized operation of the torque transmission device already when starting up especially at low outside temperatures.

This is particularly advantageous, especially for plug-in drive systems, in order to ensure an efficiency-optimized operation of the transmission already when starting up and especially at low temperatures of the transmission oil.

The race proved to be a clear win for Rudolf Caracciola, who dominated from the start to the finish.