Übersetzung für "Dimerisieren" in Englisch

The products may be selectively dimerized or oligomerized by addition of acid.

Subsequently, the alkyl radical dimerizes to yield the alkane.

By adding acid, the component B 4 can be selectively dimerized or oligomerized.

On standing for a relatively long time, the compounds according to the invention dimerize very readily, and this can be detected by crystallization or viscosity.

To prepare fluorenonetetracarboxylic acid, for example, it is possible to dimerise 3,4-dimethyl-magnesium bromide in the presence of CuCl2 and to react the 3,3',4,4'-tetramethylbiphenyl formed with COCl2 in the presence of AlCl3 to give tetramethylfluorenone, which can be oxidised in a known manner with, for example, HNO3 to give the tetracarboxylic acid.

In the case of acyl cyanides which readily dimerize, such as, in particular, aliphatic acyl cyanides, the basic catalyst is preferably initially introduced into the reaction vessel with the trialkylsilyl cyanide and the acyl cyanide is added to this mixture.

If it is desired to bridge two or more unsaturated polyester molecules using a dicarboxylic acid, it is advisable to prepare a preliminary product in which one hydroxyl moiety of the polyol reacted with the semiester is still free and to dimerize that preliminary product by esterification with a dicarboxylic acid in a molar ratio of 2:1.

This could either dimerise or react with any alkene groups in the polymer (Nitrone-olefin (3+2) cycloaddition) to give inactive species.

Thus, it is known from Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie, Volume VIII, page 136 (1952) that isocyanates dimerize in the presence of tertiary amines.

Likewise suitable are the so-called paint isocyanates, which are obtainable by dimerization, trimerization or oligomerization of diisocyanates such as 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate to form the known biurets, uretdiones, isocyanurates or allophanates.

In contrast, if an attempt is made to dimerize IPDI-urea with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DE-OS 37 39 549), highly colored reaction products, which in addition comprise small amounts of trimeric IPDI, are obtained.

However, such species dimerize at relatively low temperatures to give tetra-aminoethenes, which can lead to drastic reductions in yield.

To produce these more or less pure isostearyl alcohol sulfates, however, oleic acid first has to be dimerized, the fraction of monomeric branched fatty acids separated off, hydrogenated and subjected to fractional crystallization, the liquid fraction accumulating, which is rich in isostearic acid, has to be removed and esterified with methanol and the esters obtained subsequently hydrogenated to form the alcohols which, finally, are converted into the sulfates.

Corresponding negative-acting systems comprise, for example, resists which, upon irradiation, are crosslinked in a dimerizing reaction, such as polymeric cinnamic acid derivatives and polyacrylates.

It has further been known that palladium(II) or rhodium(III) compounds dimerize acrylic acid methyl ester in the heat and under pressure, while the yield, however, is less than 70% and the selectivity for obtaining linear dimers is very small.

It has also been known that rhodium(III) compounds dimerize acrylic amide in boiling ethanol very slowly and with bad yield.

Eventually, it has been known that soluble palladium(II) complexes in combination with quinones dimerize unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives having the general formula CH2 =CH--COOR-- at a temperature from 0° C. to the boiling point of the substrates.

Whereas aliphatic acyl cyanides dimerize very easily and, in some cases, even spontaneously, dimeric aromatic acyl cyanides cannot readily be prepared by dimerization.

The process is particularly tailored for the production of cyclotetradekadiene-1,8 and cyclohexadekadiene-1,9, by means of dimerizing cycloheptene and cyclooctene, respectively. The invention is also particularly well suited for the production of cyclopentadekadiene-1,8 and cycloheptadekadiene-1-6, which can be obtained by metathesis of cycloheptene and cyclooctene, or cyclopentene and cyclododecene, respectively.

In order to allow the two cleavage domains to dimerize and cleave DNA, the two individual ZFNs must bind opposite strands of DNA with their C-termini a certain distance apart.

Under hypoxia this degradation is inhibited, so that HIF alpha dimerizes with ARNT and can activate its target genes.

As emulsifiers, the claimed compounds have the advantage that, after use, they dimerize or oligomerize and thereby lose their ionic character and hence their hydrophilic properties.

The dimerization-of lower olefins using alkali metal catalysts is also known (cf. Catalysis Today, 1990, 6, p. 329ff).

The carbonyl oxide can firstly polymerize or dimerize to give a 1,2,4,5-tetraoxolane (5), or recombine in a further cycloaddition to give a secondary ozonide (1,2,4-trioxolane, 6).