Translation of "Unterwasserbeton" in English

Several types were used, for example underwater concrete and frost resistant concrete.

Grouting and casting works have caused us to be intensively engaged in the topic of "underwater concrete".

The company produced a new grade of cement, the Scanzo cement, that grew in popularity and was used in various projects such as the 16-arches bridge above the Adda river, the Venezia Santa Lucia railway station and the Suez Canal (underwater concrete).

However, the retention action of the metal compounds according to the present invention can also be utilised for the achievement of a water-retention ability in constructional material mixtures, for example in mortar or plaster or in under-water concrete.

These properties also have an advantageous effect in concrete mixtures (underwater concrete, gunned concrete, pumped concrete), whose homogeneity, stability and pumpability are improved.

If the polymerization is conducted in the aqueous phase, it is of advantage to employ gel polymerization, especially for preparing copolymers in the upper molecular weight range, such as those used in adhesive mortars and underwater concrete.

The copolymers have excellent water retention properties, even when used at relatively high temperatures, and confer outstanding technical properties on pigmented surface-coating compounds, plasters, adhesive mortars, trowelling compounds, joint fillers, shotcrete, underwater concrete, oil-well drilling cement etc, both when they are in workable condition and after they have set and/or dried (tensile bond strength of adhesive mortars following immersion in water).

From U.S. Pat. No. 2,844,480, EP 0 269 015, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,707,187, 4,462,837, 3,446,795, 4,707,188, 2,852,402 and DE 3 126 489, e.g. methyl carboxymethyl cellulose ethers and carboxymethyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers are known which are used as mortar additives, additives for underwater concrete and as water-reducers for geological formations.

They impart outstanding application technology properties to self leveling underlayments, grouts and repair mortars, self-leveling screeds, flowable concrete, self compacting concrete, underwater concrete, underwater mortar, pigment-containing paints, inter alia, both during processing and in the hardened or dried state.

It has thus been found that, surprisingly, an aqueous emulsion comprising a propylethoxysilane oligomer mixture or a mixture of a propylethoxysilane oligomer mixture and octyltriethoxysilane (OCTEO), wherein propylethoxysilane oligomer mixture and octyltriethoxysilane are present in a weight ratio of 3:1 to 1:3, at least one emulsifier or an emulsifier system, at least one content of a 2-aminoethanol, preferably an N-alkyl-substituted 2-aminoethanol, more preferably N,N-diethyl-2-aminoethanol, and water, as an addition in the production of hydraulically setting cement mixtures [also called cement mixture(s) for short hereinafter], especially selected from the group of mortar, screed and concrete, for example porous concrete, reinforced concrete, underwater concrete, textile fibre concrete, concrete repair mortar, mortar, 2-component mortars, screed—to name just a few—can be used advantageously to reduce shrinkage characteristics.

The inventive use of the present specific emulsions is particularly advantageous as an addition in hydraulically setting cement mixtures, especially in concrete, porous concrete, underwater concrete, reinforced concrete, textile concrete or textile fibre concrete, screed, mortar, 2-component mortar, concrete repair mortar—to name just a few examples.

The copolymers and terpolymers have excellent stabilizing properties even when added in small amounts and give pigment-containing paints, plasters and renders, adhesive mortars, knifing fillers, grouting compounds, spray concrete, flow concrete, self-compacting concrete, underwater concrete, underwater mortar, etc., excellent use properties both in terms of processing and in the cured or dried state.

Formulations or compositions according to the invention are for example—but not exclusively—repair mortar, cement-based sealing compounds, grouts, concrete, in particular reinforced concrete, expanded concrete, gas concrete, fiber concrete, steel fiber concrete, cellular concrete, air-placed concrete, underwater concrete, rolled concrete, spun concrete, vacuum concrete, self-compacting concrete (SCC), floor-topping concrete, chip concrete, drain concrete, high-strength and ultra high-strength concrete, glass foam concrete, terracotta, gypsum and/or lime and/or cement renders, repair mortar and full thermal protection mortar, and tile adhesives, leveling and filling compounds, slurry seal-coatings, powder paints and concrete paints, but also aqueous dispersions or solutions containing the mixture.

The materials containing at least one mineral binder are preferably concrete, in particular reinforced concrete, expanded concrete, gas concrete, fiber concrete, steel fiber concrete, cellular concrete, air-placed concrete, underwater concrete, rolled concrete, spun concrete, vacuum concrete, self-compacting concrete (SCC), floor-topping concrete, chip concrete, drain concrete, foamed concrete, prefabricated components comprising concrete, high-strength and ultra high-strength concrete and/or glass foam concrete, brick, terracotta, renders, such as gypsum and/or lime and/or cement renders, mortar, in particular dry mortar, such as repair mortar and full thermal protection mortar, joint and tile adhesive, plywood mortar, mortar for adhesive-bonded joints, cementitious parquet adhesives, cement primers, leveling and/or filling compounds, slurry seal-coatings, powder paints and concrete paints, such as, for example, slurries for coating steel or for repairing reinforced concrete in concrete renovation.

The additive is said to prevent the breakdown of underwater concrete induced by chloride ions and to prevent the decomposition of concrete as a result of the use of deicing agents, such as calcium chloride, in winter.

They impart to self-levelling screeds, grouting and repair mortars, flow screeds, flow concrete, self-compacting concrete, underwater concrete, underwater mortars, pigment-containing paints and the like outstanding application-related properties both in the processing and in the set or dried state.

Due to our long-time experience with both, reinforced and ordinary concrete we were able to build-up a one-of-a-kind valuable knowledge in our area of expertise.

The engineers placed underwater concrete at the connecting points to ensure the tightness of the intersections between the mainland and the submarine double tunnel tubes.