Translation of "Tangentialspannung" in English

The liquid flow submits the container to what we call tangential stress.

The "Equivalent stress" result lets the user make the following conclusions:

With this construction, it is prevented that the casing in addition to a tangential stress is also subjected to an axial stress.

The tangential tension which is operative in the tube wall due to the blow pressure depends on the wall thickness.

Such threading is difficult in the applied state, in particular, because of the required tangential tension in the sheathing body.

Tearing open the strap of a clamping member, and hence the reduction of its tangential tension when the closure means is placed on the bottle, at the same time also indicates that the bottle was opened after its being originally filled.

The yield value assured hereinafter is defined as the smallest force per unit area (shear stress, tangential stress) which is required to cause a flow.

This program calculates bending and tangential tension, as well as the radial deformation for the conditions at the mesh point and in the middle between the mesh points (of two neighboring planetary gears) .

Here, the peripheral stress—which is partially also referred to as the tangential stress—acts in an axial cross section of the measuring tube wall, whereas the axial stress acts in a radial cross section of the tube wall.

The tangential stress 15 and radial stresses 16 occurring during operation of the asynchronous motor are—as also in the following figures—identified by arrows in this section of the rotor 5 .

In order to achieve this in a manner which is independent of the material, in particular independent of the material properties of the outer clutch part, the tuning element can be applied to the outer clutch part in such a way that the join damping between the outer clutch part and the tuning element is influenced (for example, is set) by way of the coefficient of friction between them and/or by means of tangential tension in the outer clutch part and the tuning element.

In order to achieve this, in particular independently of the material properties of the clutch pot 1, the tuning ring 5 is applied to the clutch pot 1 in such a way that the join damping between the tuning ring 5 and the clutch pot 1 can be set by way of the coefficient of friction between them and by means of tangential tension in the clutch pot 1 and in the tuning ring 5 .

Differences in the profile of the tangential tension along the sub-length, and thus differences in the radial expansion rate, are here compensated completely or at least in part by the temperature profile, with the aim to set a radial expansion rate which is as constant as possible along the sub-length.

The calculation of an “inverse” temperature profile which completely compensates the profile of the tangential tension is carried out on the basis of the above equations (1) to (3).

Moreover, adaptation of the psycho-acoustic configuration of the functional and operating noise which is adaptive to the rotational speed can be achieved by virtue of the fact that the tangential tension is counteracted directly and/or indirectly by way of centrifugal forces.

In simple cases, the demand on the inversion of the profiles is satisfied if in the case of a profile in which the tangential tension increases in the direction of the tube, the temperature decreases in the same direction.

It has been found to be advantageous, in this respect, when in the heating zone, a temperature profile is generated that along at least a sub-length of the deformation zone has a course opposite to a profile of the tangential tension along the same sub-length.

Curve A shows the increase in the tangential tension with the end diameter of the tube when the blow pressure is substantially used for tube enlargement; i.e., when the rotational speed is approaching zero.

It becomes apparent that the tangential tension which is operative in the wall of the quartz glass tube strongly depends on the blow pressure in the forming process.

This has the consequence that wall thickness deviations found in the start cylinder are intensified in the deformation process under the action of blow pressure because a thinner wall is here subjected to a higher tangential tension than a thicker wall.

By comparison, this intensifying effect is smaller in a forming process with a purely centrifugal force because the wall thickness has here no influence on the increase in tangential tension, but just the increased rotational speed, as shown by the comparison of curve B with curve C.

The adaptation in the pair of curves L2/R2 refers to the axial temperature distribution, and it aims at compensating the tangential tension changing along the deformation zone (30) in such a manner that a radial expansion rate that is as constant as possible is obtained along the entire deformation zone (30). At any rate, the radial expansion rate does not exceed the above-mentioned maximum value of 8 cm/min.

It is thereby ensured that the temperature profile at an axial position along the deformation zone has a minimum at which the profile of the tangential tension has a maximum.

The measuring ring is clamped onto the tension body, in particular with a predefined tangential stress, in order to obtain particularly reliable measured values.