Translation of "Jungwuchs" in English

Tree regeneration browsed by moose, apart from Picea glauca (white spruce) saplings.

Pinus banksiana (jack pine) stand with some Picea mariana (black spruce, with dense foliage) and P. mariana regeneration.

An upright, evergreen shrub with pennate leaves made up of lanceolate leaflets varying in colour from red to purple when young and in winter.

In a young growth, the 100 largest trees per ha are smaller than 1.3 m, in the subsequent thicket, the diameter at breast height (dbh) of these trees is smaller than 10 cm and in the small pole stand, between 10 and 20 cm.

In order to control this species effectively, young growth must regulary be cleared over a period of several years and all potential mother trees removed.

Off-trail hiking is not easy: in more lush forests there is often dense A. balsamea regeneration, in old P. mariana forests there are half-fallen trees tumbled everywhere, and much of the area is boggy.

Of the older trees, however, only oaks are occasionally used, whereas the young growth is cut down every 10 to 20 years.

There is dense A. balsamea regeneration in places but mature A. balsamea is a very rare sight.

The opening in the background, created by several Fagus sylvatica (European beech) falling, now filled with plentiful regeneration.

Now, F. grandifolia saplings may be plentiful in places, but Nectria (beech bark disease), a fungus native to Europe accidentally introduced to Nova Scotia in the early 1900s, kills F. grandifolia before it becomes a large tree.