Translation of "Direktstrahlung" in English

Notably image regions which receive direct radiation can thus be excluded.

Based on this, the scientists then determine the important direct radiation required for concentrating solar thermal power plants.

The energy production of those PV power plants located close to the equator is almost proportional to the direct irradiation.

The direct radiation may be reduced by as much as 50%.

It is particularly preferred in this regard that the light of the laser beam is direct radiation.

Direct solar radiation is the radiation of solar disk that consists of almost parallel beams.

The RSI has been designed to measure direct horizontal irradiation for project development purposes .

The energy production of those PV power plants located close to the equator is almost proportional to the direct irradiation.

CSP (concentrated solar power) technology, however, uses only direct radiation and is not suited to small-scale plants.

Due to the small dose in these image areas in the current exposure in comparison with direct radiation, the memory effect may predominate here.

As such plates have a very low thermal mass and are scarcely conductive with respect to metallic materials, e.g. steel, the temperature sensor for such protection must be positioned in such a way that heat transfer thereto takes place by direct radiation, back radiation and/or a fluid or air in a substantially tightly closed or unventilated area, through which the thermal radiation is directed towards the shield.

This manifests itself, when two X-ray exposures are taken in quick succession, by areas becoming visible in the second exposure which have been affected in the preceding exposure by particularly strong radiation (direct radiation) ("ghost images").

As its outside width is tapered towards its free face and also as a result of its described arrangement, the holding body 45 does not thermally shield the temperature sensor 30 or the working portion 40, or only does so to a negligible extent with respect to the direct radiation of the heaters 13.

The working portion 40a extends on either side over and beyond the holding body 45a, so that the end 36a with the adjustment means 37a is contact-free and without shielding being exposed to the direct radiation of the heater 13a.

It also possible to individually evaluate the signals from the selected photodiode elements 8a, 8b, etc., and to compare the individual measured values to each other, taking the different sizes of the photodiode elements into consideration. This can be done, for example, for the purpose of automatically disenabling photodiode elements of a selected measurement field, or to leave photodiode elements of the selected measurement field out of consideration in the formation of the actual value measurement, which receive direct radiation and would thus falsify the measurement.

If the emitter 22 is caused to emit ultrasound, then there occurs immediately thereafter in response to the direct emission received “along the shortest path”, which is radiated out sideways, a starting signal of the receiver 23, which initiates the activation of a timing pulse counter (not shown), which counts the number of counting pulses produced for example with the frequency of 1 MHz, until the ultrasonic radiation reflected following reception by the measuring object, the dough lump 11, produces in the receiver a higher level then the starting signal, the occurrence of which terminates the timing pulse counting.

The dose of the X-ray source can thus be adapted also in the presence of direct radiation, without detailed knowledge of the system parameters being required for dose control.

In an iterative procedure image regions whose brightness is so high that it is indicative of the presence of direct radiation in the relevant image region are successively separated.

The criterion for the assumption of presence of direct radiation, for example, consists in that the ratio of the mean grey values DGW 1:DGW 2 is higher than a predetermined threshold value of, for example, 2:1.

If the step 14 reveals that the separated image region A contains direct radiation, it is definitively separated from the number of potential image regions of interest, and the method is continued in the step 12 for the remaining image regions B-I.

The X-ray image (7) is subdivided into image regions (A-I) and each time the brightest image region is successively separated from the remaining image regions in an iterative method if its mean grey value forms an indication of the presence of direct radiation (2 b) in the relevant image region.

For the X-ray image 7 which is diagrammatically shown in FIG. 1, for example, the image regions A, B, C and D were separated as regions containing direct radiation during four executions of the loop 12 - 14, and the image region of interest was formed from the image regions E, F, G, H and I. While a particular feature of the invention may have been described above with respect to only one of the illustrated embodiments, such features may be combined with one or more other features of other embodiments, as may be desired and advantageous for any given particular application.

A suitable radiation trap 30 can be provided for trapping direct radiation. A corresponding radiation trap 31 can be provided to terminate the reception zone.

Hence, the direct irradiation and the uncertainty of the P50 and P90 energy yield data are in the focus for irradiation and energy yield studies.

RSI Technology The RSI is a meteorological measurement instrument designed to measure direct normal irradiation for project development purposes.

A feature of these systems is that the direct solar radiation is concentrated on a single spot – the focal point.

Today, Soitec Solar is using this technology as a basis to produce large quantities of modules for concentrator power plants in sunny areas of the world with a high level of direct sunlight (for example, the USA or South Africa).